TY - JOUR T1 - Glossary JF - Evidence Based Nursing JO - Evid Based Nurs SP - 96 LP - 96 DO - 10.1136/ebn.2.3.96-a VL - 2 IS - 3 A2 - , Y1 - 1999/07/01 UR - http://ebn.bmj.com/content/2/3/96.2.abstract N2 - Adjusted analysis1: when groups differ on baseline characteristics (eg, age), analyses of outcome data are statistically modified to account for these differences.Before-after design: data are collected from the same participants both before and after the introduction of an intervention.Cohort study: a group of people with a common characteristic or set of characteristics are followed up for a specified period of time to determine the incidence of some outcome; there is no comparison group.Confidence interval (CI): quantifies the uncertainty in measurement; usually reported as 95% CI, which is the range of values within which we can be 95% sure that the true value for the whole population lies.Confounder2: a variable that affects the observed relation between 2 other variables (eg, alcohol is related to lung cancer, but does not cause the disease; instead, both alcohol and lung cancer are related to smoking, and it is the smoking that causes lung cancer).Crossover trial: a method of comparing 2 interventions in … ER -