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Frequent nut consumption reduced the risk of coronary heart disease in women

https://doi.org/10.1136/ebn.2.3.88

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    Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, et al.Frequent nut consumption and risk of coronary heart disease in women: prospective cohort study. BMJ1998 Nov 14; 317:1341–5.OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text

    Question Is nut consumption associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) in women?

    Design

    Cohort study of women in the Nurses' Health Study with follow up of 14 years.

    Setting

    USA.

    Participants

    86 016 women aged 34–59 years who were registered nurses. Exclusion criteria were previously diagnosed cancer, angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, or other cardiovascular diseases; or implausibly high or low scores for total energy intake. Follow up was 98%.

    Assessment of risk factors

    Frequency of nut consumption and total energy intake (self reported using dietary questionnaires); smoking; age; body mass index; alcohol; use of menopausal hormones, multivitamins, vitamin E, and aspirin; and exercise.

    Main outcome measures

    Fatal …

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    Footnotes

    • Source of funding: US National Institute of Health.

    • For correspondence: Dr F Hu, Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Fax +1 617 432 2435.