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Question Which parenting and family life factors are associated with hyperactivity in schoolchildren?
Design
Case control study.
Setting
16 schools in London, UK.
Participants
30 boys (mean age 9 y) who were 7–10 years of age, had hyperactivity but no emotional disturbance according to the Rutter A and B Scales, did not have mental retardation, and whose parents were able to complete the self report measures. 28 boys (mean age 9 y) who lived in the same area and had no hyperactivity or emotional disorder were in the control group.
Assessment of risk factors
Parenting attitudes and behaviour were assessed using the Child-Rearing Practices Report, which rated negative affect and parenting styles, and a semistructured interview, which rated coping efficiency, disciplinary aggression, sensitivity, and interparental consistency. Family functioning was …