Implications for practice and research

• This study raises critical points about establishing trust before screening and that women used safety plans more than referrals.

• Inclusion of women with intimate partner violence (IPV) in the intervention development phase and examining use of social supports and their influence on referral use are areas that could shed light on these findings.

• Incorporating a trauma-informed approach to IPV screening interventions that recognises trauma across the lifespan would be welcomed insight for future practice.

• The impact of the quality of provider–client relationship on screening and referral rates should be explored.

• Identifying how …