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Causation
Emotional support and mastery were associated with decreased mortality in older people

https://doi.org/10.1136/ebn.1.3.89

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    Penninx BW, van Tilburg T, Kriegsman DM, et al.Effects of social support and personal coping resources on mortality in older age: the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam.Am J Epidemiol1997 Sep 15;146:510–9.OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science

    Question Are social support (structural, functional, and perceived aspects) and personal coping resources (mastery, self efficacy, and self esteem) associated with mortality in older people?

    Design

    Cohort study with mean follow up of 29 months.

    Setting

    11 municipalities in the Netherlands.

    Participants

    2829 adults (51% women) who were 55–85 years old at baseline (1992–3). Exclusion criteria were serious illness, cognitive impairment, living in an institution at baseline, or missing follow up data.

    Assessment of risk factors

    Participants were interviewed at baseline and completed questionnaires. Social support was divided into 3 categories: structural network characteristics (partner …

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    Footnotes

    • Source of funding: The Netherlands Ministry of Welfare, Health, and Sports.

    • For article reprint: Dr B Penninx, Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, 7201 Wisconsin Avenue, Gateway Building, Suite 3C-309, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Fax +1 301 496 4006.