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  • Review: smoking is associated with decreased bone mineral density and increased risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women

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Review: smoking is associated with decreased bone mineral density and increased risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women

https://doi.org/10.1136/ebn.1.3.88

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    Law MR, Hackshaw AK. A meta-analysis of cigarette smoking, bone mineral density and risk of hip fracture: recognition of a major effect.BMJ1997 Oct 4;315:841–6.OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text

    Question Does smoking lead to decreased bone mineral density and increased risk of hip fracture in premenopausal and postmenopausal women?

    Data sources

    Studies were identified from a Medline search using the terms smoking or tobacco combined with the terms bone density, osteoporosis, or hip fracture. References from relevant papers were also reviewed.

    Study selection

    Studies were selected if they assessed bone mineral density or hip fracture in women according to smoking habit. Studies of patients with specific diseases or those who started smoking later in life were excluded.

    Data extraction

    Data were extracted on age adjusted bone mineral density in the femoral neck, radius, or calcaneus; the difference between the mean bone mineral density of women who smoked and those who did not smoke; incidence of hip fracture; age adjusted relative risk (RR) of hip fracture based on …

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    Footnotes

    • Source of funding: no external funding.

    • For article reprint: not available.

    • A modified version of this abstract appears in ACP Journal Club 1998 Mar-Apr.