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Causation
Review: previous caesarean delivery or abortion increases the risk of placenta praevia

https://doi.org/10.1136/ebn.1.3.85

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    Ananth CV, Smulian JC, Vintzileos AM. The association of placenta previa with history of cesarean delivery and abortion: a metaanalysis.Am J Obstet Gynecol1997;177:1071–8.OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science

    Question Does a history of caesarean deliveries, spontaneous abortions, or induced abortions increase the risk of placenta praevia?

    Data sources

    Studies were identified by searching Medline databases using the keywords placenta praevia, placental disorders, antepartum haemorrhage, antepartum bleeding, caesarean delivery, caesarean section, uterine surgery, spontaneous abortion, induced abortion, and elective abortion; and by scanning bibliographies of relevant papers.

    Study selection

    Studies were selected if they provided quantitative analysis of placenta praevia and were published in English between 1950 and 1996. Studies on placental abruption and case reports were excluded.

    Data extraction

    Data were extracted on the total number of pregnancies; the number of pregnancies complicated by placenta praevia; previous caesarean deliveries, spontaneous abortions, and induced abortions; study design; and the country in which the study was run. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using fixed and random effects models with results from random effects models considered to be more reliable due to evidence of heterogeneity …

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    Footnotes

    • Source of funding: no external funding.

    • For article reprint: Dr C V Ananth, The Center for Perinatal Health Initiatives, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901–1977, USA. Fax +1 732 235 6627.