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Causation
Physical activity was associated with a reduced risk of death from all causes among postmenopausal women

https://doi.org/10.1136/ebn.1.1.23

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    Kushi Lh, Fee Rm, Folsom Ar , Et AL. Physical activity and mortality in postmenopausal women. JAMA 1997 Apr 23/30; 277 : 1287 –92. OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science

    Objective

    To evaluate the association between physical activity and all cause mortality in postmenopausal women.

    Design

    7 year cohort analytic study.

    Setting

    Iowa, USA.

    Participants

    99 826 women were initially selected for the study and 40 417 (40.5%) adequately completed the questionnaire. All were postmenopausal women 55–69 years of age at baseline. 99% were white or of European descent.

    Assessment of risk factors

    Levels of physical activity were assessed by a mailed questionnaire at baseline. The questionnaire also assessed smoking, dietary habits, alcohol use, personal medical history, weight, and body circumference.

    Main outcome measure

    All cause mortality.

    Main results

    2284 women died during follow up. Results were adjusted for age at baseline, menarche, menopause, and first …

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    Footnotes

    • Source of funding: National Institutes of Health.

    • For article reprint: Dr L H Kushi, Division of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, 1300 South 2nd Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454-1015, USA. Fax +1 612 624 0315.

    • Adapted from an abstract published in ACP Journal Club 1997 Nov–Dec;127:79.