Effect of physical activity on bone mineralization in premature infants☆,☆☆,★,★★
Section snippets
STUDY DESIGN
Subjects consisted of healthy premature infants recruited from the newborn intensive care unit at the University Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah. Subjects were eligible for study under the following criteria: gestational age range of 26 to 34 weeks, appropriate body size, ability to tolerate enteral feedings at ≥110 kcal/kg body weight per day, absence of medications other than appropriate vitamin supplements, and informed parental consent. Subjects were removed from the study for incomplete
RESULTS
Forty-nine infants were initially considered for study after informed parental consent was obtained. Of the 49 infants, 23 (45%) were dropped from the study because of incomplete data resulting from hospital discharge or transfer before a minimum of 28 study days. Twenty-six infants completed the 4-week study, with 13 infants assigned to each group. There were no differences in gestational age, birth weight, length, head circumference, gender, ethnicity, or feeding choice between groups at
DISCUSSION
Preterm infants frequently have osteopenia;24, 25 clinical symptoms range from mild demineralization to nontraumatic fracture. Osteopenia develops in premature infants when the intake of mineral substrate is inadequate for maintenance of normal bone growth and development. However, dietary intake of bone mineral substrates, specifically calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and protein, is only one factor in growth and development of healthy bone. Other factors that influence bone growth and bone
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Design and methods for the training in exercise activities and motion for growth (TEAM 4 growth) trial: A randomized controlled trial
2022, International Journal of CardiologyCitation Excerpt :We chose a once daily, 15–20-min intervention to last 21 days for several reasons. First, a once-a-day regimen was effective in preterm infants [20,37,38]. Second, the median length of stay following the Norwood at PHN core sites who enrolled in the Residual Lesion Score study at the time this protocol was developed was 31 days with the lower quartile at 18 days, thereby allowing the majority of participants to complete the 21-day intervention.
Current status in therapeutic interventions of neonatal bone mineral metabolic disorders
2020, Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal MedicineBone mineral acquisition in utero and during infancy and childhood
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2017, Complementary Therapies in Clinical PracticeBone Mineral Density According to Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry is Associated with Serial Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Level in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants at Discharge
2017, Pediatrics and NeonatologyCitation Excerpt :Furthermore, provision of inadequate phosphorous that is preceded by enteral intolerance and fluid restriction in sick infants was attributable to reduced BMD. Skeletal demineralization of prematurity is associated with long parenteral nutrition, respiratory disease, NEC, infection, and steroid use, as well as a mineral deficit.20–23 Furthermore, a peak value > 1200 IU/L in the neonatal period was associated with reduced linear growth at 18 months of age in 857 infants with birth weight < 1850 g.18 One weakness of the present study was that the association between vitamin D levels and bone mineralization might have been neglected.
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From the Departments of Pediatrics and Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Supported in part by Public Health Services research grant No. MO1-RR00064 from the National Center for Research Resources.
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Reprint requests: Laurie Moyer-Mileur, PhD, RD,CD, 2A210, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132.
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