Pooled odds ratios (ORs) for recurrent otitis media, middle ear effusion, adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy, and outpatient referral if either parent smoked
| Outcome | Number of studies | Pooled OR | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|
| *Based on a random effects model. All other ORs based on a fixed effects model. | |||
| †Not significant. | |||
| Recurrent otitis media | 7 (4 cohort, 2 case control, 1 survey) | 1.48* | 1.08 to 2.04 |
| Middle ear effusion | 4 (3 cohort, 1 survey) | 1.38 | 1.23 to 1.55 |
| Adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy | 4 (2 case control, 2 surveys) | 2.07 | 1.82 to 2.35 |
| Outpatient referral | 7 (1 cohort, 6 case control) | 1.21† | 0.95 to 1.53 |