What is the best topical anesthetic for nasogastric insertion? A comparison of lidocaine gel, lidocaine spray, and atomized cocaine

J Emerg Nurs. 2003 Oct;29(5):427-30. doi: 10.1016/s0099-1767(03)00295-2.

Abstract

Introduction: Nasogastric intubation has been shown to be a painful procedure for patients. Previous studies have demonstrated the benefit of topical nasal anesthesia in decreasing the pain of this procedure. This study attempts to identify which of 3 topical anesthetic modalities would be preferred by patients.

Methods: This study had a double-blind, double-dummy randomized triple crossover design with 30 healthy volunteers as participants. Each participant had 3 nasogastric tubes inserted and acted as his or her own control for the 3 study medications: 1.5 mL 4% atomized lidocaine, 1.5 mL 4% atomized cocaine, and 5 mL 2% lidocaine gel. Participants scored pain of tube passage through the nostril as well as global discomfort. They were also asked to identify which agent they preferred.

Results: In our 30 subjects, although no statistically significant difference in nasal pain scores was found, "global discomfort" was less with the lidocaine gel (P =.017). Participants preferred the lidocaine gel over atomized cocaine (P <.00), but not to a statistically significant degree.

Discussion: Two percent lidocaine gel appeared to provide the best option for a topical anesthetic during nasogastric tube insertion.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Comparative Study
  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Intranasal
  • Administration, Topical
  • Anesthetics, Local / administration & dosage*
  • Cocaine / administration & dosage*
  • Cross-Over Studies
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Gels
  • Humans
  • Intubation, Gastrointestinal / methods*
  • Lidocaine / administration & dosage*
  • Nebulizers and Vaporizers
  • Pain Measurement
  • Patient Satisfaction

Substances

  • Anesthetics, Local
  • Gels
  • Lidocaine
  • Cocaine