Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
ARTICLESFirst Episode of Depression in Children at Low and High Familial Risk for Depression
Section snippets
METHOD
Children aged 6 to 13 years who were participating in a larger project examining the psychobiological aspects of childhood depression were included (see Birmaher et al., 2000, for complete details). Before participating in the initial and follow-up components of the study, subjects and their parents were required to sign assents and informed consents respectively, in compliance with the requirements of the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board.
Rates of First-Onset MDD in High-Risk and Low-Risk Children
The risk for first-onset MDD after the initial assessment is depicted in Figure 1. The risk for first-onset MDD was significantly greater among the high-risk children compared to the low-risk children (odds ratio [OR] = 3.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.22–8.45, χ21 = 6.21, p ≤ .02). The corresponding cumulative survival rates (mean ± standard error) during the entire follow-up were 0.53 ± 0.14 for the high-risk subjects and 0.86 ± 0.06 for the low-risk subjects. Among those children
DISCUSSION
In this study, we found that children with a significant family history of depression had approximately a threefold increased risk for developing a first episode of depression compared to children of low-risk families (survival rate 0.47 versus 0.14, respectively). Above and beyond the familial risk for MDD, mother's lifetime anxiety and having a behavioral disorder increased the risk for developing MDD.
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2021, Journal of Affective DisordersCitation Excerpt :In the current study, we examined how familial risk for depression and alterations in resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) are related to increased risk for early adolescent-onset MDD. Family history of MDD (i.e., familial risk) is a robust predictor of MDD, and the most robust predictor of early-onset MDD (Avenevoli et al., 2015; Elsayed et al., 2019; Kessler et al., 2005; Williamson et al., 2004). Risk for developing MDD is three times greater in the offspring of parents with a history of MDD compared to the offspring of parents with no MDD (Weissman et al., 2006, 2016; Williamson et al., 2004).
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This research was supported by NIMH grants P01-MH41712 (Dr. Ryan) and K01-MH001957 (Dr. Williamson).