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Prevention of Influenza in Long-Term–Care Facilities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Suzanne F. Bradley*
Affiliation:
Divisions of Geriatric Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans' Affairs Health Systems, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
*
GRECC 11G, Veterans'Affairs Health Systems, 2215 Fuller Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105

Abstract

Influenza is a frequent cause of epidemic and endemic respiratory illness in long-term-care facilities (LTCFs), resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. Detection of influenza outbreaks in this setting can be difficult, because the clinical presentation in older adults is atypical and other pathogens also cause influenza-like illness (ILI) during the influenza season. Use of the standard case definition for influenza has not been effective in detecting episodes in residents of LTCFs. Alternative case-definitions that reflect the atypical presentation of influenza in this population have been recommended but not validated. The use of rapid tests for the detection of influenza in conjunction with more sensitive case definitions of ILI may lead to the earlier detection of influenza outbreaks in LTCFs, earlier initiation of infection control measures, and reduction in transmission.

The definition of outbreak, eg, the number of episodes of ILI or episodes of confirmed influenza A that would result in the initiation of antiviral chemoprophylaxis, remains controversial in this setting. The use of newer antivirals could limit the side effects seen in older adults in LTCFs. However, annual vaccination of residents and staff remains the most effective way to prevent the introduction of influenza A or influenza B into LTCFs. In addition, vaccination of LTCF residents reduces rates of illness and pneumonia due to influenza, as well as cardiopulmonary exacerbation, hospitalization, and death.

Type
SHEA Position Paper
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 1999

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Footnotes

*

Members of the Long-Term-Care Committee include Lindsay Nicolle, MD (chair), Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Sky Blue, MD, Boise, Ida Suzanne Bradley, MD, Ann Arbor, Michigan; R. Brooks Gainer, MD, Morgantown, West Virginia; Kent Crossley, MD, Minneapolis, Minnesota Freer, MD, Hanover, Pennsylvania; Nelson Gantz, MD, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Brenda Nurse, MD, New Britain, Connecticut; Andrew Si MD, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Philip Smith, MD, Omaha, Nebraska; Larry Strausbaugh, MD, Portland, Oregon; Lauri Thrupp, MD, Ora California.

*

Contributed to the writing of this position

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