Review ArticleTelemonitoring for Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: A Systematic Review
Section snippets
Methods
We chose to group studies according to the primary mode of the telemonitoring intervention as this is a defining feature. The primary mode of intervention (telephone-based symptom monitoring, automated monitoring of signs and symptoms, automated physiologic monitoring, and comparisons of 2 or more methods) thus serves as the basis for the subgroup analyses in the Results section.
Results
Of the 9 studies included in this review, 2 were conducted at a single site and 8 were conducted within the United States.
Discussion
In this review, we have summarized the evidence for interventions based solely on telemonitoring without any face-to-face component. Based on this review, it appears that the literature is in evolution and confounded by several factors. Compared with other forms of heart failure disease management, there are few large, high-quality trials that can be used to guide policy regarding implementation of telemonitoring, and no data about long-term sustainability of these programs. High-quality data
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C.O.P. is supported by Supplement 3 R01 HL080228-01S1 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. S.S.S. is supported by the NHF and NHMRC of Australia. Support from NHLBI for C.O.P., S.I.C., and H.M.K. support from the NHF and NHMRC of Australia for S.S.S. had no role in the conduct of this study. A.F.J. and B.G.R. were investigators in studies discussed in this article. S.I.C. and H.M.K. are investigators in an ongoing trial of telemonitoring (funded by NHLBI) in heart failure patients. H.M.K. is a member of the advisory board for Alere Medical Inc.