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  • Review: intravenous and oral opioids reduce chronic non-cancer pain but are associated with high rates of constipation, nausea, and sleepiness

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Review: intravenous and oral opioids reduce chronic non-cancer pain but are associated with high rates of constipation, nausea, and sleepiness

https://doi.org/10.1136/ebn.8.3.88

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    Kalso E, Edwards JE, Moore RA, et al. Opioids in chronic non-cancer pain: systematic review of efficacy and safety. Pain 2004;112:372–80.OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science

    Q Are opioids effective and safe for reducing chronic non-cancer pain?

    METHODS

    Embedded ImageData sources:

    Medline (1966 to September 2003), EMBASE/Excerpta Medica (1980 to September 2003), Cochrane Library (September 2003), Oxford Pain Relief Database (1950–94); and hand searches of reference lists.

    Embedded ImageStudy selection and assessment:

    double blind, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in any language that compared oral, transdermal, or intravenous (IV) World Health Organisation (WHO) step 3 opioids with placebo; included >10 adults/group; and reported pain intensity outcomes assessed using a visual analogue scale, a 0–10 numerical rating scale, or a 4 point categorical scale. Study quality was assessed using the 3 item Jadad scale and a 5 item validity scale.

    Embedded ImageOutcomes:

    pain intensity or pain relief. Secondary outcomes were mood, functional status, quality of life (QOL), and adverse …

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    Footnotes

    • For correspondence: Professor E Kalso, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. eija.kalsohelsinki.fi

    • Source of funding: no external funding.