■ Music listening may engage and stimulate older adults and increase interest in activities.

■ Music listening may increase relaxation and reduce feelings of anxiety in older adults.

■ Music listening may increase physical as well as mental functioning in older adults.

■ Music listening is a non-invasive safe way that may improve the quality of life in older adults.

■ Patient musical preference plays a role in the ability of music to improve quality of life.

■ Music listening should be studied with a larger sample of older adults and in those of different cultures.

■ Studies that use music listening daily, rather than weekly, to further understand the cumulative effects of music listening on quality of …