CAUSATION
A combination of 4 health behaviours was associated with increasing risk of stroke
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
Does the combined effect of 4 health behaviours (smoking, physical activity, alcohol use, and fruit and vegetable intake) affect the risk of stroke in community-dwelling people?
cohort study with a mean 11.5-year follow-up (Norfolk component of the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer [EPIC-Norfolk]).
general practices in the UK.
20 040 people who were 40–79 years of age (mean age 58 y, 55% women) with no known myocardial infarction or stroke.
smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and fruit and vegetable intake. Participants were assigned 1 point each for being a non-smoker, being physically active, consuming alcohol moderately (1–14 units/wk), and consuming 
5 servings of vegetables and fruit per day (blood concentration of vitamin C 50 µmol/l).
incident stroke (hospital record linkage and death certificate data). Results were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol concentration, aspirin use, diabetes, and social class.
599 strokes (168 fatal) occurred during
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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