ASSESSMENT (SCREENING OR DIAGNOSIS)
Review: simple questions and clinical tests are moderately useful for diagnosing urinary incontinence
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
J M Holroyd-Leduc
Dr J M Holroyd-Leduc, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; jayna.holroyd-leduc@calgaryhealthregion.ca
How accurate are simple clinical procedures and tests for diagnosing urinary incontinence (UI) in adults?
Studies selected evaluated clinical diagnosis of stress or urge UI in adults and used a reference standard of diagnosis by an expert (urologist or urogynaecologist) and/or urodynamic studies in all patients. Outcomes were summary positive (+LR) and negative (–LR) likelihood ratios.
Medline and EMBASE/Excerpta Medica (to Jul 2007), and reference lists were searched for cohort and case–control studies published in English. 40 studies (age range 16–98 y, >99% women) met the selection criteria.
Simple questions such as "Do you lose urine during sudden physical exertion, lifting, coughing, or sneezing?" and "Do you experience such a strong and sudden urge to void that you leak before reaching the toilet?" identified stress and urge UI, respectively (table). 13 studies of 12 different incontinence
Trillium Health Centre, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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