Treatment
Review: distraction, hypnosis, and combined cognitive-behavioural interventions reduce needle related pain and distress in children and adolescents
Uman LS, Chambers CT, McGrath PJ, et al. Psychological interventions for needle-related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;(4):CD005179.[Medline]
Q In children and adolescents, do cognitive-behavioural psychological interventions reduce pain and distress associated with needle related procedures?
Key Words: cognitive therapy • anxiety • pain • punctures
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
Data sources:
Medline, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Dissertation Abstracts International (all up to 2005); Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2005); bibliographies of relevant studies; and researchers.
Study selection and assessment:
randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that had 
5 participants per group and compared cognitive and behavioural psychological interventions with a control or comparison condition in children or adolescents 2–19 years of age who were healthy (or had chronic or transitory illnesses) and were receiving needle related medical procedures. Studies of dental or other surgeries, body piercings or tattoos, or of patients with known needle phobias were excluded. 28 studies (n = 1951) met the selection criteria. Quality scores of individual studies ranged from 0–3 on the 5 point Oxford Quality Scale; 16 RCTs had scores of 0.
Outcomes:
pain and distress (self or observer reported, physiological, or behavioural measures).
Meta-analyses showed that hypnosis and distraction alone reduced self
Princess Margaret Hospital for Children,
Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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